Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

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Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

A type of electric vehicle in which fuel cell technology is used for generating electricity to power up the electric motors and propel the vehicle is called a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV).

In FCEVs, high pressure hydrogen gas is used as the fuel. It is stored in a leakproof storage tank. This hydrogen gas is fed from the storage tank into fuel cells where it reacts with oxygen to produce electricity and water vapors. This generated electricity is then utilized for operating electric motors.

The fuel cell electric vehicles are also known as zero-emission vehicles because they do produce any kind of emission.

The block diagram of a typical fuel cell electric vehicle is shown in the following figure.

The main components of a fuel cell electric vehicle are explained as follows

Electric Motors In FCEVs, electric motors are used to convert electricity into mechanical energy which is then used for rotating wheels of the vehicle.

Fuel Cell Stack In a fuel cell electric vehicle, the fuel cell stack is nothing but a collection of fuel cells. It provides an environment for chemical reaction to occur between hydrogen gas and oxygen to produce electricity.

Hydrogen Storage Tank Hydrogen gas is used as the fuel for generating electricity in a fuel cell electric vehicle. It is stored in a high-pressure storage tank, called hydrogen storage tank.

Battery Pack with Converter and Controller In fuel cell electric vehicles, an additional small battery pack is provided to store the electricity generated by regenerative braking. This battery pack is then used to provide power during high-demand conditions. The converter is provided to convert the DC into AC and vice-versa. Whereas, the controller is employed for regulating the flow of electricity between the battery pack and components of the vehicle.

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