211 SRI RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIDYALYA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE.

   Electric Drives An electrical or electronic device which is used for controlling the speed of an electric motor is known as an  electric drive. The electric drives are constant and variable speed controllers and extensively used in industrial automation and robotics. Based on the nature of electric current, the electric drives are of following two types − AC Drives (Alternating Current Drives) DC Drives (Direct Current Drives)

  There are   four different types of drivetrains : all-wheel drive, four-wheel drive, front-wheel drive, and rear-wheel drive. Today, the Waxahachie auto repair experts at Christian Brothers Automotive are going to explain the four different types of drivetrains and why they matter. ALL-WHEEL DRIVE (AWD) The all-wheel drivetrain system has fluid-filled differentials and advanced electronics enabling the engine to send power to all four wheels. This provides a vast and highly improved capability for driving on wet or slippery roads. Examples of vehicles with AWD include the Subaru Legacy and the Acura RL. FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE (4WD) The four-wheel drivetrain is similar to AWD in that the engine’s power is sent to all four wheels. However, 4WD is typically more robust because it’s designed to handle off-road driving. Examples of vehicles with 4WD include the Range Rover or the Ford F150. FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE (FWD) A car or truck with front-wheel drive has all of the engine’s power bein...

  Types of Signals Believe it or not, the device below is a radio. Just like all other devices, this device uses a signal to obtain information from local radio stations and it allows the listener to hear music! In general,  signals  are a type of data that is used to send and receive information to, from, and between devices. There are two types of signals used today, digital and analog. Let's investigate both of these signals further. A radio uses a signal to obtain information Analog and digital signals are the types of signals carrying information. The major difference between both signals is that the analog signals have continuous electrical signals, while digital signals have non-continuous electrical signals. The difference between analog and digital signal can be observed with the examples of different types of waves. What Are Analog Signals? Analog signals were used in many systems to produce signals to carry information. These signals are continuous in both...

  What is Buchholz Relay? A Buchholz relay is a safety device mounted on (some) oil-filled power transformers and reactors, equipped with an external overhead oil reservoir called a “conservator”. Buchholz relays are used as a protective device, as they are sensitive to the effects of dielectric failure that can occur inside the equipment they protect. Buchholz relays are a type of gas detection relay. Buchholz relays have two main elements. The upper element consists of a float. The float is attached to a hinge in such a way that it can move up and down depending upon the oil level in the Buchholz relay container A mercury switch is fixed on the float. The alignment of the mercury switch hence depends upon the position of the float. The lower element consists of a baffle plate and a mercury switch. This plate is fitted on a hinge just in front of the inlet (main tank side) of the Buchholz relay in a transformer in such a way that when oil enters in the relay from that inlet in h...

   Buck Boost Converter It is a type of  DC to DC converter  and it has a magnitude of output voltage.  It may be more or less than equal to the input voltage magnitude.  The buck boost converter is equal to  the fly back circuit  and single inductor is used in the place of the transformer.  There are two types of converters in the buck boost converter that are buck converter and the other one is boost converter.  These converters can produce the range of output voltage than the input voltage . The following diagram shows the basic buck boost converter.

  Electric power distribution  is the final stage in the  delivery of electricity . Electricity is carried from the  transmission system  to individual consumers. Distribution  substations  connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium  voltage  ranging between  2  kV  and  33 kV  with the use of  transformers .   Primary  distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to  distribution transformers  located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the  utilization voltage  used by lighting, industrial equipment and household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one transformer through  secondary  distribution lines. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through  service drops . Customers demanding a much larger amount of...

  Engine (ICE) Vehicle Electric Vehicle (EV) High specific energy fuel Low specify energy of battery Emits greenhouse gases No tailpipe emissions Travels >600km / fill Travels <250km / charge Short refilling time (<5 min.) Long charging time (0.5 to 8 hrs.) Fuel tank takes relatively little space Battery takes large space Fuel weight is low Batteries are very heavy Higher maintenance cost Lower maintenance cost Braking energy is not recovered Can recover braking energy Running cost: high Running cost: low Energy efficiency: 30% Motor efficiency: 80% Needs complex gear system Needs only one gear Noisy operation Quiet operation Ample refilling infrastructure Lacks charging infrastructure Need to pick up speed to deliver maximum torque Produces maximum torque Uses only hydrocarbons Uses electricity from many sources

 Applications of Resonance So far, the phenomenon of resonance appears to be a useless curiosity, or at most a nuisance to be avoided (especially if series resonance makes for a short-circuit across our AC voltage source!). However, this is not the case. Resonance is a very valuable property of reactive AC circuits, employed in a variety of applications. One use for resonance is to establish a condition of stable frequency in circuits designed to produce AC signals. Usually, a parallel (tank) circuit is used for this purpose, with the capacitor and inductor directly connected together, exchanging energy between each other. Just as a pendulum can be used to stabilize the frequency of a clock mechanism’s oscillations, so can a tank circuit be used to stabilize the electrical frequency of an AC oscillator circuit. As was noted before, the frequency set by the tank circuit is solely dependent upon the values of L and C, and not on the magnitudes of voltage or current present in the osc...

  Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work. AI has various applications today, including healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, and more  1 . Here are some sectors which have the application of Artificial Intelligence:  AI in Healthcare : AI is becoming more advantageous for the healthcare industry and going to have a significant impact on this industry. Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than humans. AI can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when patients are worsening so that medical help can reach to the patient before hospitalization   AI in Gaming : AI can be used for gaming purposes. The AI machines can play strategic games like chess, where the machine needs to think of many possible places   AI in Finance : AI and finance industries are the best matches for each other. The finance industry is impleme...

  Advantages of HVDC transmissions  A lesser number of conductors and insulators are required thereby reducing the cost of the overall system. It requires less phase to phase and ground to ground clearance. Their towers are less costly and cheaper. Lesser corona loss is less as compared to HVAC transmission lines of similar power. Power loss is reduced with DC because fewer numbers of lines are required for power transmission. The HVDC system uses earth return. If any fault occurs in one pole, the other pole with ‘earth returns’ behaves like an independent circuit. This results in a more flexible system. The HVDC has the asynchronous connection between two AC stations connected through an HVDC link; i.e., the transmission of power is independent of sending frequencies to receiving end frequencies. Hence, it interconnects two substations with different frequencies. Due to the absence of frequency in the HVDC line, losses like skin effect and proximity effect does not occur in t...

  Block diagram of a common battery charger The operation of an EV battery charger depends on components and the control strategies employed. Referring to Fig. 1, in the first stage of control, sensing circuits provide the status of all relevant system variables required for control the algorithm as feedback signals. The control algorithm is responsible in achieving high-level steady-state and transient performance. The reference values of variables along with sensed values are used in the third stage of the control

  Major Parts of an UPS Following are the main components of a UPS system − Battery  − The battery works as the energy storage unit in the UPS system. It provides the stored electrical energy for a sufficient amount of time during main power failure. Rectifier or Charger Circuit  − It converts the supply voltage of 240 VAC into 12 V (or any other battery voltage) DC. It supplies this rectified DC power to the battery for storage. Inverter  − It converts the DC output power of the battery into ac power to supply the load during mains power failure. Static Switch  − It is a semiconductor device such as a thyristor which transfers the load from the utility to the inverter (and the inverter to the utility) without any interruption in the power supply to the load.

  110kv 40mva Three Phase Two Winding on Load Tap Changing Oil Immersed Power Transformer This 40 MVA Electric power transformer was delivered to a substation in China in 2010, the rated power of the transformer is 40000 KVA, the primary voltage of the transformer is 110KV and the secondary voltage is 10KV. The system of product management and the degree of refinement is the embodiment of the competitiveness of our  45mva electric power transformer ,  Dual Primary Voltage transformer ,  hermetically sealed type transformer , good product management is the real effective enterprise management. Our company through excellent management to provide high-quality products, quality service to meet and exceed customer expectations. We strengthen our internal management by taking the customer's reaction and the dynamic change information of the market as the directional pointer to better serve our customers. Welcome clients from home and abroad to call and inquire! Product Int...