Power Electronics

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What is Power Electronics?

Power electronics deals with controlling and converting electrical power using semiconductor devices like MOSFETs, IGBTs, and SCRs.
Applications include SMPS, solar inverters, EV motor drives, and high-efficiency energy systems.
EEE students should master converters, inverters, choppers, and PWM techniques to enter the fast-growing electronics industry. 

Power electronics uses semiconductor devices to process and control large amounts of electrical energy.
It converts electrical power from one form to another efficiently, such as:

  • AC → DC (Rectifiers)

  • DC → AC (Inverters)

  • DC → DC (Converters)

  • AC → AC (Cycloconverters / AC Regulators)

    Key Power Semiconductor Devices

    Modern power electronic systems are built using power semiconductor switches such as:

  • Diode – Allows current flow in one direction

  • SCR (Thyristor) – Used in high-power AC control

  • MOSFET – Fast switching, used in low to medium power applications

  • IGBT – Combines high voltage capability with fast switching, used in EVs and inverters

These devices operate as high-speed switches rather than linear devices to reduce power loss.

Important Power Electronic Converters

1. Rectifiers (AC to DC)

Used in phone chargers, SMPS, DC motor drives.

2. Inverters (DC to AC)

Used in solar systems, UPS, EV motor drives.

3. DC–DC Converters

Boost, buck, and buck-boost converters regulate voltage in electronics like laptops and LED drivers.

4. AC–AC Converters

Used in speed control of AC motors and frequency converters.

Applications of Power Electronics

Power electronics technology is everywhere:

  • Electric vehicles (EV charging & motor drives)

  • Solar inverters & renewable energy systems

  • Industrial automation and motor control

  • Consumer electronics (SMPS, LED lighting, chargers)

  • Power supplies for computers & telecom equipment

  • HVDC transmission

 

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