211 SRI RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIDYALYA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE.

  What are the challenges with LiDAR? Essentially, LiDAR is a ranging device, which measures the distance to a target. The distance is measured by sending a short laser pulse and recording the time lapse between outgoing light pulse and the detection of the reflected (back-scattered) light pulse.  There are some well-known challenges with operational LiDAR systems. These challenges depend on the type of LiDAR system. Here are some examples: The isolation and rejection of signal from the emitted beam - The radiance of the probing beam is generally much greater than that of the return beam. Care must be taken to make sure the probing beam is not reflected or scattered by the system back into the receiver such that the detector is saturated and unable to detect external targets. Spurious returns from debris in the atmosphere between the transmitter and the intended targets - The debris can cause such a strong spurious return that the return from the intended targets is not reliably detect

  Construction Of Universal Motor Construction of a universal motor is very similar to the  construction of a DC machine .   It consists of a stator on which field poles are mounted.  Field coils are wound on the field poles. However, the whole magnetic path (stator field circuit and also armature) is laminated. Lamination is necessary to minimize the eddy currents which induce while operating on AC. The rotary armature is of wound type having straight or skewed slots and commutator with brushes resting on it.  The commutation on AC is poorer than that for DC. because of the current induced in the armature coils. For that reason brushes used are having high resistance.

  Introduction to 8051 Microcontroller Last Updated :  25 Apr, 2023 Introduction – 8051 is one of the first and most popular microcontrollers also known as MCS-51. Intel introduced it in the year 1981. Initially, it came out as an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) based microcontroller, but later versions were based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) technology. These microcontrollers were named 80C51, where C in the name tells that it is based on CMOS technology. It is an 8-bit microcontroller which means the data bus is 8-bit. Therefore, it can process 8 bits at a time. It is used in a wide variety of embedded systems like robotics, remote controls, the automotive industry, telecom applications, power tools, etc.  It is referred to as a System on a Chip (SoC) microcontroller because it is a chip circuit/integrated circuit that holds many components of a computer together on a single chip. These components include a CPU, memory, input-output ports(I/O ports), timer

  Leading Semiconductor Companies When it comes to semiconductor chip manufacturers, there are several companies that stand out in the industry. These companies have established themselves as leaders in the field, with a proven track record of producing high-quality and innovative products. In this section, we will take a closer look at some of the leading semiconductor companies in the world. Xilinx Xilinx is a leading provider of programmable logic devices and associated technologies. The company's products are used in a wide range of applications, including aerospace and defense, automotive, broadcast, consumer electronics, industrial, medical, and scientific research. Xilinx has a strong reputation in the industry for its high-performance products and innovative solutions. Intel Corporation Intel Corporation is one of the largest semiconductor chip manufacturers in the world, with a diverse range of products that includes microprocessors, chipsets, and flash memory. The company

  Renewable Energy Renewable energy comes from unlimited, naturally replenished resources, such as the sun, tides, and wind.   Renewable energy can be used for electricity generation, space and water heating and cooling, and transportation. Non-renewable energy, in contrast, comes from finite sources, such as coal, natural gas, and oil.     Renewable Energy Working Renewable energy sources, such as biomass, the heat in the earth’s crust, sunlight, water, and wind, are natural resources that can be converted into several types of clean, usable energy: Bioenergy Geothermal Energy Hydrogen and Other Renewable Fuels Hydropower Marine Energy Solar Energy Wind Energy