Categories of Measurement

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 1) Direct Observables : 

The things which can directly be observed are called direct observables. For example, by meeting an individual the brand of his/her wrist watch can be directly observed.


2) Indirect Observables :

The things which cannot be directly observed are called 'indirect observables'. More complex and refined observation efforts is required for observing such things. For example, minutes of earlier board meetings of corporations can be used to observe past business decisions.


3) Constructs : 

The things which cannot be observed directly or indirectly are called 'constructs'. These are the theoretical concepts, which are developed by observing different aspects of an operation. For example, IQ is known as a construct. It cannot be directly or indirectly observed. It is determined only by mathematically observing answers of different test questions asked in an IQ test.

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