ON LOAD TAP CHANGER

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An electrical device which works on the principle of faraday’s law of induction is a transformer, where faraday’s law states that the magnitude of the emf produced inside a conductor is due to electromagnetic induction. A transformer consists of two types of windings like primary & secondary. The main function of this is to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit. When a voltage is supplied to a transformer, it should be controlled properly. Hence, in order to maintain the stability of the voltage supply based on the capacity of the transformer, we use the tapping concept. Where the number of turns in a transformer can be variably selected by a tap changing mechanism by connecting taps at various points in a transformer to either primary or secondary windings. This mechanism can be done automatically in two ways, one way is (NLTC) No-LoadTap Changing Transformer and another way is (OLTC) On-Load Tap Changing Transformer. This article briefs about OLTC.


The transformer enters into the operating stage when the diverter switch is closed and the selector switch1 is closed. Now if we want to change the selector switch from 1 to 2 then this can be done by adjusting the tap, by following the below steps.

On Load Tap Changing Using a Reactor
On Load Tap Changing Using a Reactor

Step1: Firstly open the diverter switch, which indicates no current flows through selector switches

Step2: Connect tap changer to selector switch 2

Step3: Open the selector switch 1

Step4: Close the diverter switch, at this state current flows in the transformer.

Only half a portion of reactance is connected for limiting the current while adjusting the tap. The secondary output voltage can be increased or decreased by changing the number of turns ratio using the selector switch and the diverter switch. Due to the larger power system application, it is necessary to change the transformer taps several times to maintain the required voltage on the system as per load demand. Basically the demand for the continuity of supply does not permit the transformer from disconnecting the supply. Hence an on-load tap changer is employed with a continuous supply.


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