211 SRI RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIDYALYA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE.

  Electric current The movement of electric charges through a medium, such as a wire.  Electric current is measured in amperes, or amps.   Voltage The force that causes electrons to flow, or the difference in potential energy between two points in a circuit.   Resistance A measure of how well an object conducts electricity.  Objects with low resistance are good conductors, while objects with high resistance are poor conductors.   Conductors Materials that allow electricity to flow through them easily.  Most metals are good conductors.   Insulators Materials that don't carry electricity well.  Rubber and plastics are examples of good insulators.   Ohm's Law A formula that describes the relationship between resistance, electro-motive force, and the intensity of current.   Power formula A formula that describes the relationship between power, the intensity of current, and electro-motive force.   Like charges repel, unlike charges ...

  The  pin configuration of the IC 741 operational amplifier  is shown below. The  op amp 741 pin diagram  and the functionality of each pin are explained clearly in the below section. Power Supply Pins: Pin 4 and 7 Pin 4 and pin 7 are the negative and positive voltage power supply terminals. The power which is required for the IC to function is received from both these pins. The voltage level between these pins can be in the range of 5 – 18V. Output Pin: Pin 6 The output which is delivered from the IC 741 op amp is received from this pin. The output voltage that is received at this pin is based on the feedback approach that is used and the voltage level at the input pins. When the voltage value at pin 6 is high, this corresponds that output voltage is similar to the +ve supply voltage. In the same way, when the voltage value at pin 6 is low, this corresponds that output voltage is similar to the -ve supply voltage. Input Pins: Pin 2 and Pin 3 These are the inpu...

 A B usbar is a metallic conductor that serves as a central hub for multiple electrical connections. It can be solid, hollow, or flexible, and comes in various shapes. In this blog, we will understand the Types of Busbars and their roles in respective applications. Essentially, it’s an electrical junction where all incoming and outgoing electrical currents converge. This means that a busbar collects electrical power in one place. The number of incoming and outgoing connections can be adjusted based on power requirements, always considering the busbar’s current carrying capacity.  Busbars  are integral components of substations, used in Low Voltage (up to 400V), Medium Voltage (around 11kV), and High Voltage (up to 765kV and beyond) systems. Role of Busbar in Electrical Power Distribution Busbars, simplify complex power distributions, making them more affordable by replacing multiple conductors and reducing costs. By providing a single node point, it is easier to add prote...

  Differences between Soft Starter & VFD Soft Starter VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) A semiconductor based motor starter capable of safely starting & stopping a motor. Semiconductor based motor starter that can safely start, stop & also vary the speed of the motor. At full speed, the soft starter is bypassed using a contactor.  It operates throughout the whole operation of the motor. It only regulates the AC voltage using thyristors. It converts AC into DC & back into AC of the desired value. It can only vary the supply voltage. It can vary voltage as well as the frequency. It can generate low to medium starting torque. It can generate high starting torque. There are no harmonics generated in the system. It generates harmonics in the system. It does not need any additional filters. It needs filters due to harmonics injection in the line. It is used for constant motor speed application. It is used for variable motor speed applications It is smaller in size as co...

  Rectification is  the process of converting alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) .  A rectifier is an electrical device that performs this conversion by allowing current to flow in one direction only.  The process of rectification is made possible by diodes, which act as one-way valves within the rectifier.   Here are some things to know about rectifiers: How they work Diodes are electrical components that have different resistances on either side.  In a forward bias, a p-n junction diode allows current to pass, but in a reverse bias, it blocks the current.   Types of rectifiers There are two main types of rectifiers: half-wave and full-wave.  A half-wave rectifier only converts half of an AC cycle, resulting in a pulsating DC output.  A full-wave rectifier uses both halves of the AC cycle, resulting in a more efficient DC conversion.   Uses Rectifiers are commonly used in DC power supplies and high-voltage direct current ...

  Working Principle of Electromagnetic Flow Meter The electromagnetic flowmeter works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction.  This law states that when the conductive liquid passes through the magnetic field, the voltage induces across the conductor.  The magnitude of the voltage is directly proportional to the velocity, length of the conductor and the strength of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is generated by the coil which is mounted on the external metallic body of the pipe.  The liquid acts as a conductor and when passes through the magnetic field induce the voltage across the coil. The magnitude of the voltage depends on the velocity of the liquid.