211 SRI RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIDYALYA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE.

 A rotor resistance starter uses a ladder diagram to control the gradual removal of external resistance from a slip-ring motor 's rotor circuit , starting with high resistance for low starting current and high starting torque , and ending with the rotor short-circuited for normal running. The ladder diagram consists of rungs that energize contactors sequentially via timers to gradually cut out resistors.  Ladder diagram ladder rungs A basic ladder diagram for a rotor resistance starter would include the following components:  Power supply: Three-phase AC power is connected to the starter. Motor Contactor (MC): The main contactor that connects the stator to the power supply. This is the first contactor to close. Timers : These are used to control the time delay for each stage of resistance removal. Resistor bank : Multiple steps of resistors are connected in series with the rotor circuit at the start. Shunt Contactors (S1, S2, etc.): Each shunt contactor is connected i...

  Synchronous Condenser An over-excited synchronous motor running on no-load is called the  synchronous condenser .  It is also known as  synchronous capacitor  or  synchronous compensator or synchronous phase modifier . A synchronous motor can deliver or absorb reactive power by changing the DC excitation of its field winding. It can be made to draw a leading current from the supply with over-excitation of its field winding and therefore, it supplies lagging reactive power (or absorbs leading reactive power).

  The Stepper motor is a brushless DC motor that divides the full rotation angle of 360° into a number of equal steps. The motor is rotated by applying a certain sequence of control signals. The speed of rotation can be changed by changing the rate at which the control signals are applied. Various stepper motors with different step angles and torque ratings are available in the market. A microcontroller can be used to apply different control signals to the motor to make it rotate according to the need of the application. For more information about Stepper Motor and how to use it, refer to the topic Stepper Motor in the sensors and modules section. The Stepper motor is a brushless DC motor that divides the full rotation angle of 360° into a number of equal steps. The motor is rotated by applying a certain sequence of control signals. The speed of rotation can be changed by changing the rate at which the control signals are applied. Various stepper motors with different step...

  As the world moves toward renewable energy and electric mobility, energy storage has become the backbone of modern power systems. For years, lithium-ion batteries have dominated the market — powering everything from smartphones to electric cars. But the future demands bigger, faster, and greener storage solutions . Welcome to Energy Storage 2.0 . ⚡ Why Move Beyond Lithium-Ion? Lithium-ion batteries are efficient but face challenges: Resource Limitations: Lithium and cobalt are expensive and limited. Recycling Issues: Hard to dispose of safely. Energy Density Limits: Not enough for grid-scale, long-duration storage. This has led researchers to explore next-generation storage solutions . Advanced Energy Storage Technologies Flow Batteries Store energy in liquid electrolytes. Ideal for large-scale renewable integration . Long life cycle and easy scalability. Solid-State Batteries Replace liquid electrolytes with solid ones. Higher safety ,...

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  Industry 4.0 is here — factories are becoming smart, connected, and automated . Behind this transformation is a key enabler: Power Electronics . From controlling motors to integrating renewable energy into industrial grids, power electronics is shaping the future of manufacturing. What is Power Electronics? Power electronics deals with the conversion, control, and conditioning of electric power using semiconductor devices. Examples include: AC-DC Converters (Rectifiers) DC-AC Converters (Inverters) DC-DC Converters AC-AC Controllers In Industry 4.0, these converters are becoming smarter, faster, and more efficient . Role of Power Electronics in Industry 4.0 Motor Drives & Automation Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) for precise motor control. Energy-efficient operation of pumps, conveyors, and robots. Integration of Renewable Energy Solar and wind power integrated with factory microgrids. Inverters maintain stable power even with fluctu...